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Introduction: Ultrasound helps by detecting lesions, give idea about its internal structure and also give opportunity to evaluate other abdominal organs. However evaluation by CT scan can give additional information, which can modify the course of treatment and prognosis of patient. Materials and methods: Study comprise of 84 patients who were evaluated with ultrasonography and CT scan of abdomen and pelvis. Ovarian pathologies were categorized with benign, malignant and metastasis and compared with histopathological diagnosis or conservative treatment follow up. Results: 84 patients were evaluated; CT scan and sonography are excellent noninvasive modality to differentiate ovarian masses from benign and malignant lesions and both imaging techniques seem to be comparable in differentiation of malignant from benign ovarian tumors. CT scan was more sensitive than ultrasonography, but sonography is more specific than CT scan in diagnosis of malignant lesions. Ultrasonography has high positive predictive value as compare to CT scan to diagnose malignant lesions. Conclusion: Ultrasound by virtue of non-invasiveness, lack of radiation hazard and by ability to demonstrate structural changes in organ is investigation of choice in ovarian pathology and it can easily detect solid to cystic lesions and characterize the size, shape and extent of lesion. Computerized Tomography is particularly useful to know the enhancement pattern of the lesion, density and extent and staging of malignancies.
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Background: A solitary pulmonary nodule is defined as a discrete, well - marginated, rounded opacity less than or equal to 3 cm in diameter that is completely surrounded by lung parenchyma, does not touch the hilum or mediastinum, and is not associated with adenopathy, atelectasis or pleural effusion. Aim and objectives: To determine the frequency of single lung metastasis, primary lung cancer and benign lesions in patients with solitary lung nodule and a primary extrapulmonary neoplasm, to evaluate the Chest Radiographs and CT characteristics of solitary lung nodule with a primary extrapulmonary neoplasm, to develop a statistical model to guide clinicians regarding choice of patient for diagnostic biopsy. Materials and methods: A retrospective analysis of CT and Chest Radiographs of 50 patients with an extrapulmonary malignant neoplasm and a solitary pulmonary nodule, done in our Dhiraj General Hospital over a 6 – month period. Results: 50 patients of Extrapulmonary neoplasms were evaluated; out of these patients were diagnosed and evaluated for Primary Bronchogenic Carcinoma, lung metastases, benign nodule. Conclusion: Solitary lung nodule in patients with extrapulmonary malignancies showed a variety of patterns on CT. Nearly half of the non – calcified solitary pulmonary nodules identified in this series were malignant. The likelihood of a spread depends on the histological Anand Vachhani, Shashvat Modia, Varun Garasia, Deepak Bhimani, C. Raychaudhuri. Role of CT imaging to evaluate solitary pulmonary nodule with extrapulmonary neoplasms. IAIM, 2018; 5(8): 86-92. Page 87 characteristics of the extrapulmonary neoplasm and the patient's smoking history. Lung cancer was more common than metastatic disease.
ABSTRACT
Background: A solitary pulmonary nodule is defined as a discrete, well - marginated, rounded opacity less than or equal to 3 cm in diameter that is completely surrounded by lung parenchyma, does not touch the hilum or mediastinum , and is not associated with adenopathy, atelectasis or pleural effusion. Lesions larger than 3 cm are considered masses and are treated as malignancies until proven otherwise. It is not uncommon for a patient who currently has or has previously had extra pulmonary neoplasm to develop a solitary pulmonary nodule. Such a nodule may be detected with chest radiography or computed tomography performed as part of the work - up or follow - up of the known extra pulmonary malignancy. The determination of the etiology of such a nodule is usually important to direct the appropriate therapy. Aim and objectives: To evaluate the Chest Radiographs and CT characteristics of solitary lung nodule with a primary extra pulmonary neoplasm and to determine the presence and/or frequency of single lung metastasis , primary lung cancer and benign lesions in patients with solitary lung nodule and a primary extra pulmonary neoplasm. Materials and methods: A retrospective analysis of CT and Chest Radiographs of 9 patients with an extra pulmonary malignant neoplasm and a solitary pulmonary nodule, done in our Dhiraj General Hospital. Images were reviewed for the presence of solitary lung nodule. If present, the following nodular characteristics were recorded: Distribution, CT attenuation, Shape, Size, Margins and Calcification. The histological characteristics of the nodule were correlated with those of the extra pulmonary neoplasm and with patient age and smoking history. Results: Out of total number of 9 patients that were included in this study showed different pathologies and those were then those were evaluated in detail and showed: benign pulmonary nodule (1 case), metastatic deposit (1 case), primary bronchogenic carcinoma with brain metastasis (1 case), Hrituraj Singh, C. Raychaudhuri. Solitary pulmonary nodule with extra pulmonary neoplasms. IAIM, 2017; 4(5): 1-7. Page 2 lung metastasis (1 case), lung carcinoma in upper lobe of left lung (1 case), actinomycosis (1 case), lung metastasis with renal cell carcinoma (1 case), oesophageal carcinoma with primary bronchogenic carcinoma (1 case), primary bronchogenic carcinoma with bony metastasis (1 case). Conclusion: Solitary lung nodule in patients with extra pulmonary malignancies showed a variety of patterns on CT. Nearly half of the non – calcified solitary pulmonary nodules identified in this series were malignant. The likelihood of a spread depends on the histological characteristics of the extra pulmonary neoplasm and the patient's smoking history. Lung cancer was more common than metastatic disease.
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Acute abdominal pain may be caused by a myriad of diagnoses, including acute appendicitis, diverticulitis, and cholecystitis. Imaging plays an important role in the treatment management of patients because clinical evaluation results can be inaccurate. Performing computed tomography (CT) is most important because it facilitates an accurate and reproducible diagnosis in urgent conditions. Also, CT findings have been demonstrated to have a marked effect on the management of acute abdominal pain. The cost-effectiveness of CT in the setting of acute appendicitis was studied, and CT proved to be cost-effective. CT can therefore be considered the primary technique for the diagnosis of acute abdominal pain, except in patients clinically suspected of having acute cholecystitis. In these patients, ultrasonography (US) is the primary imaging technique of choice. When costs and ionizing radiation exposure are primary concerns, a possible strategy is to perform US as the initial technique in all patients with acute abdominal pain, with CT performed in all cases of non-diagnostic US. The use of conventional radiography has been surpassed; this examination has only a possible role in the setting of bowel obstruction. However, CT is more accurate and more informative in this setting as well. In cases of bowel perforation, CT is the most sensitive technique for depicting free intraperitoneal air and is valuable for determining the cause of the perforation. Imaging is less useful in cases of bowel ischemia, although some CT signs are highly specific. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is a promising alternative to CT in the evaluation of acute abdominal pain and does not involve the use of ionizing radiation exposure. However, data on the use of MR imaging for this indication are still sparse. In this study, 76 patients with clinical manifestation of gastrointestinal conditions those were referred to radiology department of Dhiraj general hospital during time period of August 2015 to August 2016 were included. There were 44 male patients (57.9%) and 32 (42.1%) female patients. In our study spectrum of conditions included were: most common condition was Shah H, Parikh C, Raychaudhuri C. Role of Radiology in Evaluation of Non-Traumatic Acute Abdomen. IAIM, 2017; 4(3): 1-9. Page 2 Acute cholecystitis (15.8%), followed by pancreatitis and acute appendicitis (14.4%), Intestinal obstruction (13.1%), acute diverticulitis and malignancy (9.2%), inflammatory conditions (7.7%), Herniation, Midgut volvulus with malrotation, Necrotising Enterocolitis, Hepato-biliary Disorders, Perforated Viscus, acute peritonitis (1.3%).
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Background: Avascular necrosis (AVN) is defined as cellular death of bone components due to interruption of the blood supply. Aim and objectives: To study the appearances of avascular necrosis at different sites using radiological modalities like: X-ray, MRI to diagnosis and evaluate AVN in order to do early management of the condition. Materials and methods: 86 cases of either strong suspicion or symptoms related to avascular necrosis at various sites were evaluated who came to Dhiraj Hospital with different radiological modalities like X-ray, MRI. Results: Out of total number of 86 patients who were diagnosed and evaluated for avascular necrosis at different sites on X-ray, MRI along with its association with trauma, steroids and alcohol; most common sites being femoral head, humoral head, lunate, tibial tubercle, scaphoid. Conclusion: Femoral head was the most common site affected with avascular necrosis with trauma being the most common risk factor. The sensitivity of detection of collapse of the involved bone and joint space narrowing was same for MRI and plain radiography. This findings were correlated for precollapse and post collapse state for avascular necrosis by MRI and X-ray
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Background: The Paranasal sinuses are hollow, air-filled spaces located within the bones of the Face and surrounding the nasal cavity, a system of air channels connecting the nose with the back of the throat. Aim and objectives: To study the appearances of osteomeatal complex in different inflammatory conditions of PNS using CT scanning and help to decide the line of management in different appearances. Materials and methods: 50 cases of either strong suspicion or diagnosed of inflammatory conditions of PNS were evaluated who came to Dhiraj Hospital. Results: 50 patients of inflammatory conditions of PNS were evaluated; out of these patients were diagnosed and evaluated for inflammatory conditions OMC, Blocked OMC, sinusitis, polyp, mucocele. Conclusion: CT Imaging remains the ideal scanning modality to evaluate osteomeatal complex in different inflammatory conditions of PNS and help to change the line of management in different appearances.
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Introduction: Salivary gland tumor is a tumor that forms in tissues of a salivary gland. Salivary gland cancer is rare, with 2% of head and neck tumors forming in the salivary glands, the majority in the parotid. Ulttrasonography plays a very significant role in the diagnosis and management of salivary gland lesions. CT scan is useful for evaluating intra glandular component of mass. Aim and objectives: To study the appearances of salivary gland tumors including major and minor salivary glands using radiological modalities like: Ultra-sonography, CT-SCAN, MRI to diagnosis and evaluate salivary gland tumors in order to do early management of the condition. Materials and methods: 30 cases of either strong suspicion or symptoms related to salivary glands were evaluated who came to Dhiraj Hospital with different radiological modalities like Ultrasonography, CT-SCAN. Results: Out of total number of 30 patients who were diagnosed and evaluated for salivary gland tumor on Ultrasonography , CT SCAN are conditions like: Warthin’s Tumor, Pleomorphic adenoma, Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma, Lipoma, Rhabdomyosarcoma, Sialolithiasis in Submandibular gland, Lymphoma parotid and some other conditions related to major and minor saliary glands tumors. Conclusion: Ultrasound and CT scan are both comparable in their ability to diagnose Salivary gland tumors. Although Ultrasound has a slightly inferior specificity rate as compared to CT scan, but it is still a very compelling option for the initial imaging of the Salivary gland tumors. CT scan is useful for evaluating intra glandular component of mass especially in deep lobe of parotid, mass extending to para-pharyngeal space that is inaccessible to ultrasound